Acumulación de la propiedad, cambio socio-económico y movilidad espacial en los inmigrantes Wolof del bosque de Pata (Senegal)

A través de una migración que han emprendido desde 1978 en el bosque de Pata (sur de Senegal), los Wolof que han venido de Saloum han dado un nuevo giro a su vida. Los beneficios sacados del cultivo de cacahuete, al cual son particularmente apegados, les han permitido hacer varias realizaciones y algunas inversiones. Así, después del refuerzo de medios de producción agrícola (aumento de material agrícola, de animales de tiro, reclutamiento más importante para los trabajadores de temporada), cambian de estatuto matrimonial (el primer matrimonio para unos, el inicio a la poligamia para otros) e invierten en bienes inmobiliarios (construcción de casas ladrillos u otras actividades como ganadería, comercio o transporte. El cambio socio-económico se produce también por una movilidad espacial dentro del espacio migratorio Saloum-Pata. Este espacio integra pueblos, ciudades, mercados rurales y dos países : Senegal y Gambia. Para los emigrantes, esta movilidad es una manera de consolidar el cambio socio-económico, nacido de la acumulación de tierras y el cultivo del cacahuete. Constituye también la ultima etapa del proyecto migratorio

Land accumulation, socio-economic change and spatial mobility among Wolof’s migrants of Pata forest

A través de una migración que han emprendido desde 1978 en el bosque de Pata (sur de Senegal), los Wolof que han venido de Saloum han dado un nuevo giro a su vida. Los beneficios sacados del cultivo de cacahuete, al cual son particularmente apegados, les han permitido hacer varias realizaciones y algunas inversiones. Así, después del refuerzo de medios de producción agrícola (aumento de material agrícola, de animales de tiro, reclutamiento más importante para los trabajadores de temporada), cambian de estatuto matrimonial (el primer matrimonio para unos, el inicio a la poligamia para otros) e invierten en bienes inmobiliarios (construcción de casas ladrillos u otras actividades como ganadería, comercio o transporte. El cambio socio-económico se produce también por una movilidad espacial dentro del espacio migratorio Saloum-Pata. Este espacio integra pueblos, ciudades, mercados rurales y dos países : Senegal y Gambia. Para los emigrantes, esta movilidad es una manera de consolidar el cambio socio-económico, nacido de la acumulación de tierras y el cultivo del cacahuete. Constituye también la ultima etapa del proyecto migratorio.Since their migration to Pata forest (South of Senegal), which began in 1978, the Wolof people whom came from Saloum, gave a new aspect to their life. The benefit they are making with peanut culture is used for many achievements and investments. Thus, they could enlarge means of production, change matrimonial status (first wife for ones, second, tird or fourth for others) and invest properties (building houses) or other activities like cattle, trade or transports. Socio-economic change has, also, pushed a large spatial mobility into the migratory space Saloum-Pata. This space integrate villages, cities, rural markets and two countries : Senegal and Gambia. For the migrants, this mobility is a way to consolidate the socio-economic change born from land accumulation and peanut culture. It's also a superior level of their migratory project

Land accumulation, socio-economic change and spatial mobility among Wolof’s migrants of Pata forest

A través de una migración que han emprendido desde 1978 en el bosque de Pata (sur de Senegal), los Wolof que han venido de Saloum han dado un nuevo giro a su vida. Los beneficios sacados del cultivo de cacahuete, al cual son particularmente apegados, les han permitido hacer varias realizaciones y algunas inversiones. Así, después del refuerzo de medios de producción agrícola (aumento de material agrícola, de animales de tiro, reclutamiento más importante para los trabajadores de temporada), cambian de estatuto matrimonial (el primer matrimonio para unos, el inicio a la poligamia para otros) e invierten en bienes inmobiliarios (construcción de casas ladrillos u otras actividades como ganadería, comercio o transporte. El cambio socio-económico se produce también por una movilidad espacial dentro del espacio migratorio Saloum-Pata. Este espacio integra pueblos, ciudades, mercados rurales y dos países : Senegal y Gambia. Para los emigrantes, esta movilidad es una manera de consolidar el cambio socio-económico, nacido de la acumulación de tierras y el cultivo del cacahuete. Constituye también la ultima etapa del proyecto migratorio.Since their migration to Pata forest (South of Senegal), which began in 1978, the Wolof people whom came from Saloum, gave a new aspect to their life. The benefit they are making with peanut culture is used for many achievements and investments. Thus, they could enlarge means of production, change matrimonial status (first wife for ones, second, tird or fourth for others) and invest properties (building houses) or other activities like cattle, trade or transports. Socio-economic change has, also, pushed a large spatial mobility into the migratory space Saloum-Pata. This space integrate villages, cities, rural markets and two countries : Senegal and Gambia. For the migrants, this mobility is a way to consolidate the socio-economic change born from land accumulation and peanut culture. It's also a superior level of their migratory project

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Malaria Incidence in the Health District of Kati, Mali, 2015–2019

Introduction: Despite the implementation of control strategies at the national scale, the malaria burden remains high in Mali, with more than 2.8 million cases reported in 2019. In this context, a new approach is needed, which accounts for the spatio-temporal variability of malaria transmission at the local scale. This study aimed to describe the spatio-temporal variability of malaria incidence and the associated meteorological and environmental factors in the health district of Kati, Mali. Methods: Daily malaria cases were collected from the consultation records of the 35 health areas of Kati’s health district, for the period 2015–2019. Data on rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, the normalized difference vegetation index, air pressure, and land use–land cover were extracted from open-access remote sensing sources, while data on the Niger River’s height and flow were obtained from the National Department of Hydraulics. To reduce the dimension and account for collinearity, strongly correlated meteorological and environmental variables were combined into synthetic indicators (SI), using a principal component analysis. A generalized additive model was built to determine the lag and the relationship between the main SIs and malaria incidence. The transmission periods were determined using a change-point analysis. High-risk clusters (hotspots) were detected using the SatScan method and were ranked according to risk level, using a classification and regression tree analysis. Results: The peak of the malaria incidence generally occurred in October. Peak incidence decreased from 60 cases per 1000 person–weeks in 2015, to 27 cases per 1000 person–weeks in 2019. The relationship between the first SI (river flow and height, relative humidity, and rainfall) and malaria incidence was positive and almost linear. A non-linear relationship was found between the second SI (air pressure and temperature) and malaria incidence. Two transmission periods were determined per year: a low transmission period from January to July—corresponding to a persisting transmission during the dry season—and a high transmission period from July to December. The spatial distribution of malaria hotspots varied according to the transmission period. Discussion: Our study confirmed the important variability of malaria incidence and found malaria transmission to be associated with several meteorological and environmental factors in the Kati district. The persistence of malaria during the dry season and the spatio-temporal variability of malaria hotspots reinforce the need for innovative and targeted strategies

Abstracts of the 1st International Colloquium in Mine & Society

This book presents the abstracts of the selected contributions to the First International Colloquium on Mines and Society (CIMS) organized by The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Boke. The theme of this colloquium was "Mining and Sustainable Development, a major challenge for an Emerging Africa" which aims to bring together teachers, researchers, and Professionals from different backgrounds in order to exchange the results of their research work, share their points of view on the issue of mining and sustainable development. It also aims to define, in a collaborative and inclusive manner, research prospects or future projects between all the actors involved in this field. Colloquium Title: 1st International Colloquium in Mine & SocietyTheme: Mining and Sustainable Development, A Major Challenge for an Emerging AfricaColloquium Date: 20-22 May 2022Colloquium Location: A L’Hôtel Rio Nunez de BokeColloquium Organizer: The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Bok